VENUS

VENUS

• Diameter at equator - 12104 km, 
• Means distance from Sun — 108.2 million km. 
• Orbits Sun in 224.7 days 
• Rotates on axis in — 243 days 
• Number of satellites --- 0
• Mass — 0.815 times that of Earth. 
• Surface gravity --- 0.88 times that of Earth 
  
  

  

  Alifye - The Solar System - Venus

Second in order from the Sun and the brightest object in sky apart from -Sun and the Moon. Commonly known as the evening and the morning star. It has no magnetic field and no Van Allen Belt. It is a red . hot planet, Wrapped in clouds of ice with freezing temperatures above and boiling temperatures below.

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Mercury

MERCURY  

• Diameter at equator- 4880 km. 
• Mean distance from the Sun — 57.9 million km.
• Orbits Sun in — 88 days. 
• Rotates on axis in — 59 days. 
• Number of satellites --- (,.
• Mass — 0.55times that of Earth. 
• Surface gravity — 0.37 times that of Earth. 

 

Alifye - The Solar System - Mercury

It is nearest to the Sun and is fastest moving. Mercury has no detectable atmosphere. Being closer to the Sun than we are, a unit area at the noon — point on Mercury receives nearly seven times solar energy as a corresponding area on the Earth. Its surface temperature at noon reaches 600 K°.

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The Solar System

The Solar System

The Sun has 9 planets --- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. There are 32 satellites accompanying the planets besides thousands of planetoids, or esteroids and comets. This family of Sun is known as the solar system. 

Alifye - Space and Astronomy - The Solar System

The planet, derived from Greek word Planets, means wanderer. These planets are wandering in fixed orbits unlike the starts, those appear to be stationary. These planets are divided into three categories: Terrestrial Planetsh. (Inner Planets) ---

Mercury. Venus, Earth and Mars. The Earth is to biggest in this category. Jovian Planets (Outer Planets)--- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Enigmatic Planet --- Pluto.

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Solar Wind

Solar Wind

The Sun emits actual matter in space as the solar wind which essentially is to proton electron plasma. The outward wind is a consequence of the corona being simply too hot for equilibrium to prevail.

Alifye - The Sun - Solar Wind

Therefore the gaseous matter is accelerated away from the Sun despite the back pull of solar gravitation.

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Sun Flares

Sun Flares

It is a violent eruption of energy. When the magnetic field around a sunspot collapses. an eruption of energy occurs. it is known is sun flare. Sometimes, brilliant arches of incandescent gas stretch, between two sunspots, these are known as Solar Prominence. 

Alifye - The Sun - Sun Flares

Sometimes they stretch from the photosphare into the corona. These prominence are controlled by magnetic fields that stretch out from the surface of the Sun.

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Spots on the Sun

Spots on the Sun

The sun's Photosphare is sometimes marked by sunspots. patches of gas cooler than the gas around them. At 4000C they are still hotter than the surface of many stars.

Alifye - The Sun - Spots on the Sun

Sunspots occur where lines of magnetic force break through the Sun's surface. thus preventing some of the heat from reaching that part of the surface.

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Sun Might Disappear

Sun Might Disappear

Despite the Sun's enormous power, eventually it must start to die as it runs out of fuel at its core. It might take place perhaps 5000 million years from now. If and when that happens it will swell into a Red Giant Star, 250 times its present size.

Alifye - The Sun - Sun Might Disapear

It will then put off its outer layers to become a tiny white Dwarf star which will cool and eventually disappear over thousand of million of year.

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Corona

Corona

The chromosphere gives way to. corona. It is the outermost halo of light around the Sun_ extending millions of miles into space. The material that boils off the Sun forms a thinly spread halo here. Its weak light is invisible because of the brilliance of the photosphere.

Alifye - The Sun - Corona

It can be seen during total eclipse of the Sun. The gases that form the corona stream outwards through the solar system forming the solar wind.

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Newspapers in Pakistan

Newspapers in Pakistan 

There are many daily Newspapers, weekly magazines and monthly digests etc. Published in Urdu, English and other professional and regional languages. The main Newspapers and magazines (WC) Monthly) are as under.

Urdu Daily News Papers:

Name News Paper                          City

Jang                                                            Karachi, Lahroe, Rawalpindi and Quetta

Nawa-i-Waqat                                            Karachi, Lahore, Multan and Rawalpindi

Din                                                             Lahore, Karachi

Awaz                                                          Lahore, Karachi

Express                                                      Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi

Pakistan                                                     Lahore, Islamabad, Multan

Khabrain                                                    Islamabad, Lahore, Multan

Mussawat                                                  Karachi, Lahore

Jhook (Shiraki)                                          Multan, Kanpur

Ibrat (Sindhi)                                             Hyderabad

Daily Business Report                              Faisalabad

Jasarat                                                       Karachi

Mashraq                                                    Peshawar

Aman                                                        Karachi

Alifye - Pakistan Study - Daily Urdu Newspapers Pakistan

English Daily News Papers:

Name News Paper                          City

The Dawn                                                  Karachi, Lahore

The News                                                  Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi

The Nation                                                Lahore, Karachi

The Muslim                                              Islamabad

The Baluchistan Times                             Quetta

Business Recorder                                    Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi

Alifye - Pakistan Study - Daily English Newspaper Pakistan

Weekly Urdu Magazine:

Name                                               City

Akhbar-i-Jahan                                          Karachi

Akhbar-e-Khawateen                                 Karachi

Family                                                        Lahore

Takbir                                                         Karachi

Zindagi                                                      Lahore

Business Recorder                                    Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi

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Fisheries in Pakistan

Fisheries in Pakistan

The share of fishers in GDP though small but is substantially contribute to the foreign exchange earnings through export besides provides protein to the populace. During the current year this sector is likening grow by 6.73 percent as compared to 4.79 percent last year. During i'9,,c) - 98, 138 M. ions of fish and fishery products were exported, earning, t/7 7.27 billions as compared to Rs. 5.29 billion during the same pen year showing an increase of 37.4.

Alifye - Pakistan Study - Fisheries in Pakistan

During the year 1997 - 98 the total marine and inland fish production is estimated 590.000 M; tons as compared to 555489M, tones during the same period last year showing in increase of 6.2 percent. The total estimated production of the current year i.e. 415,000 M. tones will be from marine production which was 395,397 M. tones during the same period last year and the remaining catch will be from inland fishery sector,

Total number of persons engaged in fisheries sector during 1997 - 98 is to be estimated 404, 150. Out of which 113, 750 persons were engaged in marine sector, whereas 290, 400 was involved in inland fisheries compared 401,407 in '996 - 97 out of which 113, 669 were in marine and 287, 738 were in inland fisheries sector.

Alifye - Pakistan Study -  Fisheries in Pakistan

A number of steps are being taken to improve fisheries sector which include interlay strengthening of infrastructure facilities, improvement of extension services, introduction of equal culture techniques, diversification of fishing efforts, development of value added products, enhancement of per capita consumption, up gradation o sociology-economic conditions o the fisherman's community. 

Presently Marine Fisheries Department is executing a project namely "establishment of Hatchery Complex for production of fish/Shrimp Seed". It is expected that implementation of this project will pay a vital role for development in the field of fish/shrimp farming.

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Energy Sector in Pakistan

Energy Sector in Pakistan

Alifye -Atricle - History Pakistan - Energy Sector in Pakistan

During July - March 1997 - 98, the production of crude oil per day declined to 55,992 barrels from 58,797 barrels per day during the same period last year. The total production of crude oil stood at 15.342 million barrels against 16.110 million barrels during the same period of last year. The production of crude oil declined due to depletion of oil fields. The production of gas per day, slightly increased to 1, 922 million cubic feet during July March 1997 - 98 from 1.907 •million cubic feet over the same period of last year and as such the total production of gas increased to 526.628 million cubic feet during July - March 197 - 98 from 522.518 million cubic feet of the comparable period of last year.

Alifye - Energy Sector Pakistan

The installed capacity of electricity (hydel power) increased A by 21.9 percent during the first nine month of the c t fiscal year and stood at 15, 996-mega watt. The number of villages electrified increase to 65.473 during July - February 1997 - 98 against 64.568 in 1996 - 97. The number of consumers on the billing panel of WAPDA and KESC stood at 11.5ermillion up to February.

In October 1997, a new petroleum policy was announced which introduced various measures to exploit the existing energy resources and to build a tangible production base in the country. These measures were in the form of improved incentives, procedures, regulatory framework and transparency. Efforts were also focused in the policy on attracting private sector investment in off-share areas where no drilling activity was carried out since 1990.

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